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Sanicula sandwicensis

A.Gray (1854)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Apiales Family: Apiaceae Genus: Sanicula

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennial rather stout, erect herbs 2–7 dm tall.

Stems: Caulescent, stems solitary, profusely branched above.

Roots: From a caudex arising from a vertical fusiform root.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Basal leaves numerous, cauline leaves reduced upward. Basal leaves orbicular, 3-12 cm wide; the median segments cuneate-obovate, the lateral ones obliquely rhombic, biparted. Cauline leaves palmately divided and laciniately lobed. Blades of basal leaves coriaceous. Margins of basal leaves palmately 3-parted or 6-parted nearly to petiole. The lateral ones deeply lobed, margins spinulose-serrate. Cauline leaves petiolate to subsessile. Basal petioles slender, 1–3.3 dm long, narrowly sheathing at base. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in +/- umbellately arranged terminal clusters of 2–5 pedunculate, capitate umbels plus solitary to clustered umbels in upper leaf axils. Umbels ca. 20–flowered. Peduncles 1.5–4 cm long. Involucre of 8–10 inconspicuous linear-lanceolate bracts 2–4 mm long. Flowers unisexual; perfect flowers 3–7, subsessile; staminate flowers ca. 15, their pedicels 2 mm long. Calyx teeth ovate, ca. 1 mm long, acuminate, evidently connate. Corolla of 5 petals; petals yellow. Stamens 5, inserted on an epigynous disk. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; ovules 1 per cells, anatropous; styles 2, usually swollen at base into a stylopodium. Styles twice as long as calyx lobes, recurved.

Fruit: Fruit ovoid; 3.5–4 mm long; ca. 3 mm wide; mericarps subterete in transection; covered with stout; uncinate; strongly bulbous prickles; vittae small; numerous; commissural surface broadly concave; the commissural scar linear. Seeds 1 per mericarp; embryo small; endosperm cartilaginous.

Ploidy: 2n = 16*

Habitat: Scattered in subalpine shrubland and woodland on the slopes of Haleakalā; East Maui; and Mauna Kea; Mauna Loa; and Hualālai; Hawai‘i.

Elevation Range: 2,000–2,600 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Notes

  • Description digitized by Pumehana Imada

Bibliography

Name Published In: U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 1: 705 (1854)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:210 (EM, H); Oppenheimer 2004:9 (WM)

Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., & Sohmer, S. H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, Vols. 1 and 2 (No. Edn 2). University of Hawai'i and Bishop Museum Press.

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open alpine scrub association. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6144 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-15
2 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing in bare cinder substrate with scattered low Styphelia shrubs. Preserved_Specimen Single plant 1 1/2' tall. No flowers present. Cuddihy, L.W. 244 Hawaii BISH 1979-09-25
3 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In rocky place. In dry place Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1769 Maui BISH 1937-01-28
4 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Patch of several plants near a jeep road in open mamane forest. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Fergerstrom, H. 323 Hawaii BISH 1981-07-22
5 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details With Deschampsia and Sadleria near water. Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 360 Maui BISH 1973-07-25
6 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry 'ohi'a forest with mixed native trees and a native shrub and mixed grass understory. Growing on 'a'a Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 3840 Hawaii BISH 1979-06-14
7 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details A sparse patch of approximately 70 plants covering an area of 100 ft X 40 ft with 60% of the individuals with dry fruit. Styphelia alpine scrub. Preserved_Specimen Plant is individuals with dry fruit. Plant is 10 in heighy and population vigor is good. Clarke, G. 517 Hawaii BISH 1980-10-07
8 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Styphelia alpine scrub Preserved_Specimen 10 in height and population vigor is good. Clarke, G. 517 Hawaii BISH 1980-10-07
9 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On cindery, W facing slope below & W of Kanahau, under other vegetation in shade. Vegetation: 2m tall Subalpine Shrubland, degraded by feral goats. Sophora, Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Vaccinium, Dubautia, Dodonaea, Silene, Asplenium, Pteridium, Pellaea, Stenogyne, Agrostis, Deschampsia, Trisetum, Holcus, Plantago, Holcus, Rumex. Preserved_Specimen Four plants observed with old inflorescence stalks and some fruit. Oppenheimer, H.L. 120652 Maui BISH 2006-12-27
10 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing on 'a 'a. Dry mixed grass-native shrub community with scattered koa and other native trees. Preserved_Specimen Flower yellow Warshauer, F.R. 2300 Hawaii BISH 1979-06-14
11 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On small west facing bluff in subalpine shrubland. Vegetation: Leptecophylla, Vaccinium, Sadleria, Coprosma, Deschampsia, Rubus, Agrostis, Pteridium, Dryopteris, Trisetum, Sophora, Fragaria, Dubautia, Argyroxiphium, Plantago, Morelotia, Polypodium, Epilobium, Holcus, Rumex, Hypochoeris. Preserved_Specimen Single upright herb Oppenheimer, H.L. 100819 Maui BISH 2008-10-21
12 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details A sparse patch of approximately 70 plants covering an area of 100 ft x 40 ft with 60% of the individuals with dry fruit. Habitat: Styphelia alpine scrub. Preserved_Specimen Plant is 10 in height and population vigor is good. Clarke, G. 217 Hawaii BISH 1980-10-07
13 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Near a jeep road in mamane forest. Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow. Fergerstrom, H. 323 Hawaii BISH 1981-07-22
14 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In open bushy thidiet on steep slope Preserved_Specimen 6-10 dm. , tall leave membanes, above bright green, below pale green, flowers are yellow. St.John, H. 20993 Maui BISH 1945-08-14
15 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rare in moist situations Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow 1-1/2 ft. tall. Hosaka, E.Y. 2339 Maui BISH 1938-06-13
16 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On steep, open, mossy, slope. Associated vegetation: Sadleria pallida, Lycopodiella cernua, Eragrostis grandis, Sticherus owhyhense, Broussaisia arguta, Metrosideros polymorpha var. glaberrima, Uncinia uncinata, Plantago pachyphylla, Deschampsia nubigena, Dryopteris glabra, Selaginella arbuscula, Peperomia eekana. Preserved_Specimen Petals yellow, spines on fruit hooked. Oppenheimer, H.L. 120206 Maui BISH 2002-12-05
17 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Aspect E. In large gulch on East edge of gap at margin of shrubland and forest, on isolated shelf about 40 ft up, very intact subalpine shrubland. Margin of subalpine shrubland and upper edge of wet forest: Metrosideros, Coprosma, Sophora, Rubus hawaiiensis, Myrsine, Sadleria, Dryopteris, [Astelia], Lobelia, Pteris, Lysimachia, Polystichum, Leptechophylla, Polypodium. Preserved_Specimen Large plants. Pezzillo, Z. 843 Maui BISH 2024-05-20
18 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On rich partly shaded ledge Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27085 Maui BISH 1959-05-31
19 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry native shrub community with scattered mixed native trees. Preserved_Specimen 3 plants seen Higashino, P.K. 9192 Maui BISH 1980-06-17
20 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry native shrub community with scattered 'ohi'a and other native trees. Locally common in area; many ecently germinating seedlings; ca 15 mature plants. Preserved_Specimen All plants in flower. Jacobi, J.D. 1114 Hawaii BISH 1970-07-25
21 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details located with Sadleria, Vaccinium, Styphelia, Coprosma, etc. Preserved_Specimen flowers are yellow Henrickson, J.S. 3903 Maui BISH 1969-07-18
22 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Styphelia alpine scrub. Preserved_Specimen A sparse patch of approx. 70 plants covering an area of 100' x 40' with 60% of the individuals with dry fruit. Plant is 10 in height and population vigor is good. Clarke, G. 517 Hawaii BISH 1980-10-07
23 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing at trail and road intersection. Substrate of `a`a and ash. Growing in Styphelia scrub with bunchgrasses. Preserved_Specimen Vigor good. Herb 10 tall, 12 spread. Rare. Flowers yellow. Clarke, G. 430 Hawaii BISH 1980-06-03
24 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Flower pale cream-colored tube tipped with purple. Ewart III, G.R. 122 Maui BISH 1928-12-19
25 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rocky dry region in foggy Koolau Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3226 Maui BISH 1927-06-15
26 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry ohia forest with mixed native trees and a native shrub and mixed grass understory. Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1054 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-02
27 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 2 ft, 1880 1 flower Forbes, C.N. 923 Hawaii BISH 1915-06-23
28 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Mixed with Luzula Hawaiiensis Rock, J.F.C. 8749 Maui BISH 1911-06-20
29 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 493 Maui BISH 1851-01-01
30 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 493 Hawaii BISH 1851-01-01
31 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Flowers yellow with Vaccinium, Styphelia, Sakleria, etc. Henrickson, J.S. 3635 Maui BISH 1969-06-22
32 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Inflorescence from nursery grown plant, broken during outplanting. Flowers bright yellow; leaves scented. Oppenheimer, H.L. 41105 Maui BISH 2011-04-15
33 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1190 Maui BISH 1919-08-20
34 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 285 Maui BISH 1910-08-01
35 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Montgomery, S.L. Hawaii BISH 1990-05-28
36 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen yellow flowers Forbes, C.N. 163 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-15
37 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 493 BISH 1851-01-01
38 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8547 Maui BISH 1919-08-01
39 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 183 Maui BISH 1910-07-01
40 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 178 Maui BISH 1910-07-01
41 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8547 Maui BISH 1910-09-01
42 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5940 Hawaii BISH 1977-06-06
43 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26958 Hawaii BISH 1980-06-06
44 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1193 Maui BISH 1919-08-20
45 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen DeWreede, R.E. 85 Maui BISH 1967-08-22
46 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1153 Maui BISH 1919-07-15
47 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1043 Maui BISH 1919-08-03
48 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 723 Maui BISH 1919-07-01
49 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1190 Maui BISH 1919-08-20
50 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 21218 Maui BISH 1945-08-28
51 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Brigham, W.T. Maui BISH 1909-01-01
52 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8547 Maui BISH 1910-09-01
53 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Maui BISH 1911-05-01
54 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Maui BISH 1911-05-01
55 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Maui BISH
56 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Bailey, E. BISH 1948-01-01
57 Sanicula sandwicensis Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 333 Hawaii BISH 1911-07-18
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